0 Madhiraivha emudziyo akakosha pakuita kwesystem. Asi, zvinoita sekunge vashandisi vePC vazhinji (kunyangwe avo vanozviti vafambira mberi) vane nzwisiso isina kujeka yebasa remutyairi muhurongwa, mabasa ayo, mhando, zvichingodaro.
Iyi posvo ipfupi isiri-tekinoroji rundown inotsanangura mashandiro anoita vatyairi uye nei vachikosha. Nhungamiro yakadaro ichave yakakosha kune chero PC mushandisi anoda kushandisa mudziyo wake kusvika pakakwirira.
Chii chinonzi Device Driver?
Maererano ne Wikipedia , mutyairi ipurogiramu yepakombiyuta inoshanda kana kutonga imwe mhando yemudziyo wakabatanidzwa pakombiyuta.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, mutyairi chinhu chesoftware chinobatanidza hardware neiyo inoshanda sisitimu. Kuburikidza nemutyairi, kernel yePC yakabatana kune hardware zvinhu. Kutaura zvazviri, pasina madhiraivha ehurongwa, zvinotevera zvingaite:
- Kudhinda peji yezvinyorwa;
- Kutamba MP3 faira (a sisitimu inoshandisa madhiraivha anonzwika kushandura mabhinari anogona kuita MP3);
- Kushandisa kiibhodhi, kadhi revhidhiyo, mbeva, nezvimwe.
Chinangwa che a mudziyo mutyairi ndeyekuona kuti hardware ichabatanidzwa zvakanaka kune chero shanduro yekushanda system.
Mutyairi Anoshanda Sei?
Nzira inoshanda yekufunga nezvevatyairi ndeyekuvaona sevamiriri pakati pechirongwa paPC uye chidimbu chehardware chainoshandisa kumhanya. Pachavo, software nehardware hazvina kumbobatana - kutaura kwehunyanzvi, vanotaura mitauro yakasiyana.
Kuburikidza nevatyairi, zvisinei, kubatana pakati pezviviri kunogoneka. Iyo inogadzira yekutaurirana protocol uye iyo interface, nekudaro ichigonesa ese software-hardware kupindirana. Kukanganisa kwemutyairi wehurongwa kwakakura - pasina iyo, kuvaka nekumhanyisa software zvingaite zvisingaite.
Kernel vs Mushandisi Modhi Vatyairi - Ndeupi Musiyano?
Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana emadhiraivha emidziyo - ayo ebhodhi reamai, BIOS, madhiraivha, zvichingodaro. Nekudaro, ivo vanowanzoiswa muzvikamu zviviri zvakafara - kernel uye mushandisi mode driver. Ndeupi musiyano pakati pezviviri? Ngatitarisei zvakanyanya uye edza kudhirowa misiyano:
Kernel Drivers
Kernel drivers anoshandiswa kurodha sisitimu yekushandisa mundangariro. Sezvo paine muganho kune vatyairi veKernel sisitimu inogona kumhanya panguva imwe chete nekuda kweiyo yakakwira CPU mashandisiro uye system maitiro, Kernel mode michina inowanzo chengeterwa iyo inonyanya kuvimbika kernel-level mabasa ekombuta. Izvi zvinosanganisira kumhanya BIOS, mamaboard, processor, zvichingodaro.
Mushandisi wePC anofanirwa kuyeuka kuti kubondera kwemutyairi wekernel kunogona kuuraya sisitimu uye kupaza iyo PC yese.
Mushandisi Modhi Vatyairi
Mutyairi wemushandisi-modhi anoshandiswa kana mushandisi wePC akonzeresa mamiriro ezvinhu umo chidimbu chitsva chehardware (kwete kernel-based) chakabatana nekombuta. Izvi zvinosanganisira michina yakawanda ye-plug-and-play - printers, keyboards, maikorofoni, etc. Kusiyana nemutyairi wekernel, mushandisi-mushandisi haana ruzivo rwakananga kune hardware - mutyairi anopindirana nezvinhu zvose zve hardware kuburikidza ne API yehurongwa.
Nhau dzakanaka nezve mushandisi-modhi vatyairi ndeyekuti kubondera kwavo hakuna kuuraya. A system inogona kudzoserwa mushure mekunge mutyairi amira kudaira.
Kudzikisa maitiro ehurongwa hwevashandisi-modhi madhiraivha, unogona kuzvinyorera kudhisiki. Iyo chete inosarudzika kune iyi tsika ndeyevatyairi vemitambo vari nani kuchengetwa muRAM.
Dzimwe Mhando dzeVatyairi
Kune zvimwe zvikamu zvevatyairi zvinoenderana nezvinangwa zvavo uye kuita kwavo. Muchivharo ichi, iwe uchaona nezvemhando huru dzemadhiraivha emidziyo uye mutsauko uripo pakati pavo.
Block vs Mavara
Zvose madhiraivha uye madhiraivha anoshandiswa pakuverenga nekunyora data. Zvichienderana nekushandiswa, USBs, hard disks uye CD-ROMs zvinogona kuiswa seimwe kana imwe.
Vatyairi vehunhu nyora chimiro chimwe che data chakaenzana nebyte yeruzivo panguva. Mutemo wechigunwe ndewekuti chero mudziyo wakabatana kune serial port unoshandisa mutyairi wehunhu. Rudzi urwu runoshandiswawo kune serial mabhazi. Mouse, seridhiyo mudziyo, muenzaniso wakasimba wekushandisa madhiraivha.
Vhara vatyairi , kune rumwe rutivi, inogona kuverenga nekunyora mavara akawanda panguva. Zita remhando yacho rinobva pamuenzaniso wayo wekushanda. Mutyairi weblock anoshanda nekugadzira block uye kuizadza ne data rakawanda sezvainogona kuve. Mhando yakadaro yemutyairi wemudziyo inoshandiswa nehard disk kana CD-ROM (yekupedzisira, zvisinei, inoda kuti kernel itarise kana mudziyo wakabatana nePC nguva yega yega paunokumbirwa nechero software).
Virtual mudziyo vatyairi
Virtual mudziyo madhiraivha anoshandiswa kumhanya emulation software. Mienzaniso yakajairika yeiyi inosanganisira chaiyo yekuyedza nharaunda kana VPN. Kuti uite emulator, hurongwa hungada kugadzira virtual network kadhi - kuti uite izvozvo, mutyairi anodiwa. Ndipo panodiwa mutyairi wemudziyo kuti ave nechokwadi chekushanda kwakanaka kweemulator, kugonesa Internet kubatana, zvichingodaro.
Generic vs Yekutanga Equipment Mugadziri
Mumwe mutsauko wekudhirowa pakati pemadhiraivha emudziyo mukutsvaga kuti iwo ari generic kana OEM (yekutanga mugadziri wemidziyo) ane hukama.
Chero mutyairi anoshandiswa neiyo inoshanda sisitimu, ane mukana wese, generic . Iwo ane hukama neOEM anogona kushandiswa nevashambadziri vesoftware vakasiyana kana akananga kune chimwe chinhu.
Windows 10, semuenzaniso, inomhanya uchishandisa generic driver.
Nekudaro, kana pasina mutyairi wegeneric weimwe hardware yakagadzirirwa kubatana nePC, mugadziri achagadzira imwe yemuridzi ichave. OEM-inoenderana . Mushandisi aifanira kuisa madhiraivha aya nemaoko mushure mekubatanidza midziyo kune mudziyo.
Zvakajairwa kuma1990 nekutanga 2000s, vatyairi veOEM vari kuita kushomeka izvozvi sezvo mabhurendi mazhinji anoshandisa akavakirwa-mukati.
Mutyairi wemudziyo manejimendi
Iye zvino zvauri kuziva zvakawanda nezvevatyairi, unogona kushamisika kuti ndekupi kwekuona rondedzero yevatyairi vese vanomhanya vanodzora mashandiro avo uye maitiro ehurongwa. Zvese zviri pamusoro zvinogona kutariswa muDhidhiyo Maneja, inowanikwa kune ese mavhezheni eWindows. Kazhinji yenguva, hapana chikonzero chekutonga kana chinja vatyairi sezvo ivo vanowanzoiswa otomatiki.
Zvakadaro, kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti unoshandisa yazvino vhezheni yeese madhiraivha emidziyo, usakanganwe kutarisa Windows Update Maneja nguva nenguva. Kuvandudza vatyairi ndeyemushandisi, kwete basa remugadziri.
Nhau dzakanaka ndedzekuti, kune akawanda emadhiraivha ekuvandudza maturusi mumusika. Vachatarisa paweb kuti vawane mavhezheni matsva voaisa otomatiki. Rangarira kuti zvigadziriso zvemutyairi ndizvo nguva dzose vakasununguka . Ani nani anokuudza kuti ubhadhare vhezheni itsva, ari mukubirwa. Teerera kune dzakafanana scams uye udzivise.
Mhedziso
Madhiraivha emudziyo ane simba zvakanyanya kana zvasvika kune yakatsetseka mushandisi ruzivo uye inoshanda software-hardware yekubatanidza. Kuziva mutsauko uripo pakati peakajairika mhando dzevatyairi pamwe nehwaro hwekutungamira kwavo kunovandudza chivimbo chako semushandisi wePC uye kukudzivirira kubva pakubiridzirwa nevarwi.
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