Chii Chaizvo Chinonzi File System? [KUTSANANGURWA]

Ese mafaera ari pasystem yako anochengetwa pane hard drive kana zvimwe zvigadziriso zvekuchengetedza. A system inodiwa kuchengetedza mafaera aya nenzira yakarongeka. Izvi ndizvo zvinoita faira system. Iyo faira sisitimu inzira yekuparadzanisa iyo data padhiraivha uye kuichengeta seyakasiyana mafaera. Ruzivo rwese nezve faira - zita rayo, mhando yaro, mvumo, uye humwe hunhu hunochengetwa mufaira system. Iyo faira system inochengetedza index yenzvimbo yefaira rega rega. Nenzira iyi, sisitimu yekushandisa haifanirwe kuyambuka dhisiki rese kuti uwane faira.

Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemafaira masisitimu. Yako yekushandisa system uye faira system inofanirwa kuenderana. Ipapo ndipo chete iyo OS ichakwanisa kuratidza zviri mukati mefaira system uye kuita mamwe maoperation pamafaira. Zvikasadaro, haugone kushandisa iyo chaiyo faira system. Imwe gadziriso ingave yekuisa faira system mutyairi kutsigira iyo faira system.

Zviri mukati[ hide ]

• Chii Chaizvo Chinonzi File System?
• Sei kune akawanda mafaera masisitimu
• Mafaira masisitimu - maonero akadzama
• Common file systems
• 1. NTFS
• 2. MAFUTA
• Unogona kushandura pakati pemafaira masisitimu?

Chii Chaizvo Chinonzi File System?

Iyo faira sisitimu haisi chinhu asi dhatabhesi inotaurira iyo chaiyo nzvimbo yedata pane yekuchengetedza mudziyo. Mafaira akarongwa kuita maforodha ayo anonziwo madhairekitori. Imwe neimwe dhairekitori ine imwe kana anopfuura madiki-dhairekitori anochengeta mafaera akaiswa mumapoka zvichienderana nemamwe maitiro.

Iko kune data pakombuta, zvinosungirwa kuve nefaira system. Saka, makomputa ese ane faira system.

Sei kune akawanda mafaera masisitimu

Kune akawanda marudzi emafaira masisitimu. Dzinosiyana muzvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana semarongedzero adzinoita data, kumhanya, mamwe maficha, nezvimwe… Mamwe mafaera akanyatsokodzera madhiraivha anochengeta data shoma asi mamwe achikwanisa kutsigira huwandu hwakawanda hwe data. Mamwe mafaera masisitimu akachengeteka zvakanyanya. Kana iyo faira system yakachengeteka uye yakasimba, inogona kunge isiri iyo inokurumidza. Zvingave zvakaoma kuwana ese akanakisa maficha mune imwe faira system.

Naizvozvo, hazvingavi nemusoro kuwana ‘yakanakisa faira system.’ Imwe neimwe faira system inoitirwa chinangwa chakasiyana uye nokudaro ine seti yakasiyana yezvimiro. Ndichiri kugadzira sisitimu yekushandisa, ivo vanogadzira vanoshandawo pakuvaka faira system yeOS. Microsoft, Apple, uye Linux vane yavo mafaera masisitimu. Zviri nyore kuyera itsva faira system kune yakakura yekuchengetedza mudziyo. Mafaira masisitimu ari kusimukira uye nekudaro iwo matsva mafaera masisitimu anoratidza zviri nani pane ekare.

Kugadzira faira system harisi basa riri nyore. Tsvakurudzo yakawanda uye basa remusoro rinopinda mairi. Iyo faira sisitimu inotsanangura kuti metadata inochengetwa sei, mafaera akarongwa sei uye akaiswa indexed, nezvimwe zvakawanda. Pane nzira dzakawanda dzokuita nadzo izvi. Naizvozvo, nechero faira system, pane nguva dzose nzvimbo yekuvandudza - iri nani kana nzira inobudirira yekuita mabasa ane chekuita nekuchengetedza faira.

Zvakare Verenga: Chii chinonzi Administrative Tools mu Windows 10?

Mafaira masisitimu - maonero akadzama

Iye zvino ngatinyure zvakadzama kuti tinzwisise kuti mafaera masisitimu anoshanda sei. Mudziyo wekuchengetera wakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvinonzi masectors. Mafaira ese akachengetwa muzvikamu izvi. Iyo faira system inoona saizi yefaira uye inoiisa munzvimbo yakakodzera pane yekuchengetedza mudziyo. Zvikamu zvakasununguka zvakanzi ‘zvisina kushandiswa.’ Mafaira efaira anozivisa zvikamu zvemahara uye anopa mafaera kuzvikamu izvi.

Pashure peimwe nhambo yenguva, apo akawanda maoparesheni ekuverenga nokunyora aitwa, mudziyo wokuchengeta unova nenzira inonzi kupatsanurwa. Izvi hazvigone kudzivirirwa asi zvinoda kuongororwa, kuchengetedza kushanda kwehurongwa. Defragmentation inzira inodzokera kumashure, inoshandiswa kugadzirisa matambudziko anokonzerwa nekutsemuka. Yemahara defragmentation zvishandiso zviripo zvakafanana.

Kuronga mafaera mumadhairekitori uye maforodha kunobatsira kubvisa zita rekusagadzikana. Pasina maforodha, hazvingaite kuve nemafaira maviri ane zita rimwechete. Kutsvaga uye kutora mafaira zvakare zvakareruka munzvimbo yakarongeka.

Iyo faira sisitimu inochengetedza ruzivo rwakakosha nezve faira - zita refaira, saizi yefaira, nzvimbo yefaira, saizi yechikamu, dhairekitori kwairi, ruzivo rwezvimedu, nezvimwe.

Common file systems

1. NTFS

NTFS inomirira New Technology File System. Microsoft yakaunza hurongwa hwemafaira mugore ra1993. Mazhinji mavhezheni eWindows OS - Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, uye Windows 10 vanoshandisa NTFS.

Kutarisa kana drive yakaumbwa seNTFS

Usati wamisa faira system pane drive, inofanirwa kufomatidzwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti chikamu chedhiraivha chinosarudzwa uye data rese riri pairi rinocheneswa kuitira kuti iyo faira system igadzirwe. Pane nzira dzinoverengeka dzaunogona kutarisa nadzo kana hard drive yako iri kushandisa NTFS kana chero imwe faira system.

• Kana ukavhura 'Disk Management' muWindows (inowanikwa muKudzora Panel), unogona kuona kuti iyo faira system inotsanangurwa nekuwedzera ruzivo nezve drive.
• Kana, iwe unogona zvakare kudzvanya-kurudyi pane drive zvakananga kubva kuWindows Explorer. Enda kumenu yekudonhedza uye sarudza ‘properties.’ Uchawana mhando yefaira yefaira yataurwa ipapo.

Zvimiro zveNTFS

NTFS inokwanisa kutsigira dhiraivha yakaoma ehukuru hukuru - kusvika ku16 EB. Mafaira ega ega saizi anosvika 256 TB anogona kuchengetwa.

Pane chinhu chinonzi Transaction NTFS . Zvishandiso zvakavakwa uchishandisa chimiro ichi zvingakundikana zvizere kana kunyatsobudirira. Izvi zvinobatsira mukudzikamisa njodzi yedzimwe shanduko dzichishanda nemazvo asi dzimwe shanduko dzisingashande. Chero dhizaini inoitwa nemugadziri is atomic.

NTFS ine chinhu chinonzi Vhoriyamu Shadow Copy Service . Iyo OS uye mamwe maturusi ekuchengetedza software anoshandisa chinhu ichi kuchengetedza mafaera ari kushandiswa parizvino.

NTFS inogona kutsanangurwa senge rejenari faira system. Kusati kwaitwa shanduko yehurongwa, rekodhi yaro inogadzirwa mulogi. Kana shanduko nyowani ikakonzera kukundikana isati yaitwa, irogi rinoita kuti zvive nyore kudzokera kune yakapfuura mamiriro.

EFS - Encryption File System chinhu chinopihwa encryption kune ega mafaera uye maforodha.

MuNTFS, maneja ane kodzero yekuseta disk kushandiswa quotas. Izvi zvichaita shuwa kuti vese vashandisi vane mukana wakaenzana wekugovera nzvimbo yekuchengetera uye hapana mushandisi anotora yakawandisa nzvimbo pane network drive.

2. MAFUTA

FAT inomirira File Allocation Table. Microsoft yakagadzira iyo faira system mugore ra1977. FAT raishandiswa muMS-DOS nedzimwe shanduro dzekare dzeWindows OS. Nhasi, NTFS ndiyo huru faira system muWindows OS. Nekudaro, FAT ichiri vhezheni inotsigirwa.

FAT yakashanduka nekufamba kwenguva, kutsigira ma hard drive ane masaizi makuru emafaira.

Mhando dzakasiyana dzeFAT File System

FAT12

Yakaunzwa muna 1980, FAT12 yakashandiswa zvakanyanya muMicrosoft Oss kusvika MS-DOS 4.0. Floppy disks achiri kushandisa FAT12. MuFAT12, mazita emafaira haakwanise kudarika mavara masere asi pakuwedzera, muganho une mavara matatu. Mazhinji akakosha faira maitiro atinoshandisa nhasi, akatanga kuunzwa mune iyi vhezheni yeFAT - vhoriyamu label, yakavanzika, system, kuverenga-chete.

FAT16

16-bit File Allocation Table yakatanga kuburitswa muna 1984 uye yakashandiswa muDOS masisitimu kusvika kuvhezheni 6.22.

FAT32

Yakaunzwa muna 1996, ndiyo yazvino vhezheni yeFAT. Inogona kutsigira 2TB madhiraivha (uye kunyange anosvika gumi nematanhatu KB ane 64 KB masumbu).

ExFAT

EXFAT inomirira Extended File Allocation Table. Zvekare, yakagadzirwa neMicrosoft uye yakaunzwa muna 2006, izvi hazvigone kutorwa sevhezheni inotevera yeFAT. Yakagadzirirwa kushandiswa mumidziyo inotakurika - madhiraivha, makadhi eSDHC, nezvimwewo…Iyi vhezheni yeFAT inotsigirwa neshanduro dzese dzeWindows OS. Anosvika 2,796,202 mafaera anogona kuchengetwa pane-dhairekitori uye mazita emafaira anogona kutakura anosvika mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu neshanu mavara.

Mamwe anowanzo shandiswa mafaira masisitimu ndiwo

• HFS+
• Btrfs
• Swap
• Ext2/Ext3/Ext4 (Linux masisitimu)
• UDF
• GFS

Unogona kushandura pakati pemafaira masisitimu?

Chikamu chedhiraivha chakaumbwa neimwe faira system. Kushandura chikamu kune imwe mhando yefaira system inogona kuitika asi haina kurairwa. Iyo iri nani sarudzo yekukopa yakakosha data kubva kuchikamu kune imwe kifaa.

Zvinokurudzirwa: Chii chinonzi Device Manager?

Humwe hunhu hwakaita senge faira encryption, disk quotas, mvumo yechinhu, kudzvanya kwefaira, uye indexed faira hunhu zvinongowanikwa muNTFS. Aya maitiro haatsigirwe muFAT. Naizvozvo, kushandura pakati pemafaira masisitimu akadai aya kunoisa dzimwe njodzi. Kana iyo encrypted faira kubva kuNTFS ikaiswa munzvimbo yeFAT-yakarongeka, faira racho harisisina encryption. Inorasikirwa nemiganhu yayo yekuwana uye inogona kuwanikwa nemunhu wese. Saizvozvo, faira rakadzvanywa kubva pavhoriyamu yeNTFS rinobva radzikiswa otomatiki kana raiswa muFAT yakafomatidzwa vhoriyamu.

Summary

• A file system inzvimbo yekuchengetedza mafaera uye faira hunhu. Iyo inzira yekuronga mafaera eiyo system. Izvi zvinobatsira iyo OS mukutsvaga mafaira uye kudzoreredza.
• Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemafaira masisitimu. Imwe neimwe OS ine yayo faira system inouya isati yaiswa neOS.
• Kuchinja pakati pezvirongwa zvefaira zvinogoneka. Nekudaro, kana maficha eiyo yapfuura faira system isingatsigirwe muhurongwa hutsva, mafaera ese anorasikirwa neakare maficha. Nokudaro, hazvikurudzirwi.

Elon munyori wehunyanzvi paCyber ​​​​S. Anga achinyora maitirwo-magwara kweanenge makore matanhatu zvino uye akafukidza akawanda misoro. Anoda kuvhara misoro ine chekuita neWindows, Android, uye azvino matipi uye matipi.