Waona here kumhanya kweinternet yako kuwedzera kana yakabatana neWi-Fi ichipokana nesu tichingoshandisa zvakajairwa 4G network ? Zvakanaka, iwe unofanirwa kutenda iyo Wi-Fi router nekuda kweizvozvo, zvinoita kuti ruzivo rwedu rwekubhurawuza rusina musono. Zvichienderana nenyika yaunogara mairi, kukurumidza kusiyana kunogona kunge kwakapetwa kaviri kana kusapfuura. Tiri kurarama munguva iyo kukurumidza kweinternet kwakakwira zvakanyanya zvekuti ikozvino tinoyera internet yedu kumhanya muGigabits kusiyana ne kilobits makore mashoma apfuura. Zviri muropa kuti isu titarisire kuvandudzwa mumidziyo yedu isina waya pamwe nekuuya kwehunyanzvi hutsva hunonakidza huri kubuda mumusika usina waya.
Zviri mukati[ hide ]
- Chii chinonzi Wi-Fi Router?
- Ndezvipi zvinobatsira zveRouter?
- Ndeapi mabasa eRouter?
- Routing inoshanda sei?
- Wi-Fi routers
- Chii chakasiyana nezveWi-Fi 6 pane yakatangira?
- Chii chichaitika kumidziyo yangu yekare yeWI-FI?
Chii chinonzi Wi-Fi Router?
Nemashoko akareruka, Wi-Fi router hachisi chinhu kunze kwebhokisi diki rine maantenna mapfupi anobatsira kufambisa internet mumba mako kana muhofisi.
Router mudziyo wehardware unoshanda sebhiriji pakati pemodem & komputa. Sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, inofambisa traffic pakati pemidziyo yaunoshandisa neinternet. Kusarudza iyo chaiyo mhando yerouter inoita basa rakakosha pakuona inokurumidza ruzivo rweinternet, kuchengetedzwa kubva kutyisidziro yecyber, firewall, nezvimwe.
Izvo zvakakwana kana iwe usina ruzivo rwehunyanzvi rwekuti router inoshanda sei. Ngatinzwisise kubva pamuenzaniso wakajeka wekuti router inoshanda sei.
Iwe unogona kunge uine akasiyana siyana emidziyo yakaita semasmartphone, malaptop, mahwendefa, maprinta, smart TV, uye zvimwe zvakawanda zvinobatana neinternet. Midziyo iyi pamwe chete inoumba network inodaidzwa kuti Local Area Network (UYE). Kuvapo kwezvimwe & zvimwe zvishandiso pa UYE mhedzisiro mukushandiswa kweakasiyana mabhendi pamidziyo yakasiyana-siyana inoshandiswa, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kunonotsa kana kukanganisa internet mune mimwe michina.
Apa ndipo panouya router nekugonesa kufambiswa kweruzivo pamidziyo iyi zvisina mutsetse nekutungamira iyo inouya & inobuda traffic nenzira inoshanda zvakanyanya.
Rimwe remabasa ekutanga erouter kuita sea Hub kana Shandura pakati pemakomputa achibvumira data assimilation uye kutamisa pakati pawo kuti zviitike zvisina musono.
Kugadzirisa ese aya mahombe e data rinopinda uye rinobuda, router inofanirwa kuve yakangwara, uye saka router ikombuta nenzira yayo nekuti ine CPU & Memory, iyo inobatsira kubata neinopinda & inobuda data.
Yakajairika router inoita akasiyana siyana akaomarara senge
- Kupa iyo yepamusoro yekuchengetedza nhanho kubva kune firewall
- Kuchinjisa data pakati pemakomputa kana network zvishandiso zvinoshandisa imwechete internet yekubatanidza
- Gonesa kushandiswa kweinternet pamidziyo yakawanda panguva imwe chete
Ndezvipi zvinobatsira zveRouter?
1. Inoendesa nekukurumidza masaini ewifi
Mazuva ano maWi-Fi routers anoshandisa layer 3 madivayiri ayo anowanzo kuve nepakati pe2.4 GHz kusvika 5 GHz renji iyo inobatsira mukupa masiginecha eWi-Fi nekukurumidza uye kureba kupfuura zviyero zvakapfuura.
2. Kuvimbika
A router inoparadzanisa network yakakanganiswa uye inopfuudza iyo data kuburikidza nemamwe ma network ari kushanda zvakakwana, izvo zvinoita kuti ive yakavimbika sosi.
3. Kutakurika
A wireless router inobvisa kudiwa kwewaya yekubatanidza nemidziyo nekutumira masaini eWi-Fi, nekudaro inovimbisa hukuru hwepamusoro hwekutakurika kwetiweki yemidziyo yakabatana.
Kune marudzi maviri akasiyana e routers:
a) Wired router: Inobatanidza zvakananga kumakombiyuta achishandisa tambo kuburikidza nechiteshi chakatsaurirwa chinobvumira router kugovera ruzivo
b) Wireless Router: Irouter yemazuva ano inogovera ruzivo kuburikidza nemaantenna pasina waya pamidziyo yakawanda yakabatana kunetiweki yenharaunda yayo.
Kuti tinzwisise kushanda kwe router, tinofanira kutanga tatarisa muzvikamu. Izvo zvakakosha zveiyo router zvinosanganisira:
- Kunobva ruzivo kana tafura yekufambisa
- Mutengo wekutora nzira yega yega - metric
- Network ID - Iyo yekuenda IP kero
- Metric - nzira iyo iyo data packet inofanira kutumirwa.
- Hop - ndiyo gedhi umo mapakiti edata anofanira kutumirwa kuti asvike kunzvimbo yekupedzisira.
- Iyo router inoverenga nzvimbo yeIP kero yeinouya data packet
- Kubva pane iyi inouya data pakiti, inosarudza nzira yakakodzera uchishandisa matafura ekufambisa.
- Mapaketi edata anobva aendeswa kunzvimbo yekupedzisira IP kero kuburikidza nemahops uchishandisa tafura yekutumira.
- modulation
- hova dzemuchadenga
- channel bonding
Ndeapi mabasa eRouter?
Routing
Rimwe remabasa ekutanga e router ndere kuendesa mberi data pakiti kuburikidza nenzira inotsanangurwa mutafura yekufambisa.
Inoshandisa mamwe emukati pre-yakagadzirirwa dhairekitori anodaidzwa senzira dzakasimba dzekuendesa mberi data pakati peinouya uye inobuda interface yekubatanidza.
Iyo router inogona zvakare kushandisa inochinja nzira uko inoendesa mberi data pakiti kuburikidza neakasiyana nzira zvichienderana nemamiriro mukati meiyo system.
Iyo static routing inopa kuchengetedzeka kwakawanda kune sisitimu kana ichienzaniswa neine simba sezvo tafura yenzira isingachinji kunze kwekunge mushandisi aichinja nemaoko.
Zvinokurudzirwa: Gadzirisa Wireless Router Inoramba ichibvisa kana Kudonha
Sarudzo yenzira
Iwo marouters anofunga nzira dzakawanda dzekusvika kunzvimbo imwe chete. Uku ndiko kunonzi kusarudza nzira. Zvinhu zviviri zvikuru zvinotariswa pakusarudza nzira ndezvi:
Kuti uone nzira yakakwana, router inotsvaga tafura yekufambisa yekero yetiweki inonyatsoenderana ne IP kero yepakiti yekuenda.
Matafura ekufambisa
Tafura yekufambisa ine network intelligence layer inotungamira router kuendesa data packet kune kwainoenda. Iyo ine network kushamwaridzana iyo inobatsira iyo router kusvika kune yekuenda IP kero nenzira yakanakisa inogoneka. Tafura yenzira ine ruzivo rwunotevera:
Chengetedzo
Iyo router inopa imwezve chengetedzo kunetiweki uchishandisa firewall inodzivirira chero mhando yecybercrime kana kubira. A firewall isoftware yakasarudzika inoongorora iyo inouya data kubva pamapakiti uye inodzivirira network kubva kucyber-attacks.
Iwo ma routers anopawo Virtual Private Network (VPN) iyo inopa imwe chengetedzo yekuwedzera kunetiweki uye nekudaro inogadzira yakachengeteka yekubatanidza.
Tafura yekutumira
Kuendesa mberi ndiyo nzira chaiyo yekufambiswa kwe data packets muzvikamu. Tafura yekufambisa inobatsira kusarudza nzira yakanakisa apo tafura yekuendesa mberi ichiisa nzira mukuita.
Routing inoshanda sei?
Nemashoko akapfava, kufambisa inzira yekufambisa mapaketi edata kubva kunzvimbo A kuenda kunzvimbo B uchishandisa ruzivo rwunodiwa nenzira yakakwana.
Switch
Switch inoita basa rakakosha mukugovana ruzivo pamidziyo yese yakabatana kune imwe neimwe. Shanduko dzinowanzo shandiswa kune mahombe network uko ese maturusi akabatana anoumba Local Area Network (LAN). Kusiyana nerouter, switch inotumira data pakiti chete kune chaiyo mudziyo wakagadzirirwa nemushandisi.
Tinogona kunzwisisa zvakanyanya nemuenzaniso mudiki:
Ngatiti iwe unoda kutumira mufananidzo kushamwari yako paWhatsApp. Paunongotumira mufananidzo weshamwari yako, kwainobva & kwainoenda IP kero inotarwa, uye foto yacho inotsemurwa kuita zvidimbu zvidiki zvinonzi data packets izvo zvinofanirwa kutumirwa kunzvimbo yekupedzisira.
Iyo router inobatsira kutsvaga nzira yakakwana yekuendesa aya mapaketi edata kunzvimbo yekuenda IP kero uchishandisa nzira uye kutumira maalgorithms uye kutonga traffic pane network. Kana imwe nzira yakatsvikinyidzana, router inowana ese angangoita mamwe makwara ekuendesa mapaketi kunzvimbo yekuenda IP kero.
Wi-Fi routers
Nhasi, takakomberedzwa neakawanda maWi-Fi ekuwana nzvimbo kupfuura chero nguva munhoroondo, ese ari kunetsekana kushandira akawanda uye akawanda-ane nzara michina.
Kune akawanda masaini eWi-Fi, akasimba uye asina kusimba zvakafanana zvekuti dai tiine nzira yakakosha yekuzviona, pangadai paine kusvibiswa kwakawanda kwenzvimbo yemhepo.
Iye zvino, patinopinda munzvimbo dzakakwirira uye dzinodiwa zvakanyanya senhandare dzendege, zvitoro zvekofi, zviitiko, nezvimwe. kuwanda kwevashandisi vakawanda vane michina isina waya kunowedzera. Kuwanda kwevanhu vanoyedza kuwana online, iyo yakawedzera huwandu hwekuomesera iyo nzvimbo yekuwana inoenda kuburikidza nekushandira hukuru hwekuwedzera mukudiwa. Izvi zvinoderedza bandwidth inowanikwa kune mumwe nemumwe mushandisi uye inoderedza kukurumidza zvakanyanya, zvichipa kusimuka kune latency nyaya.
The 802.11 mhuri yeWi-Fi yakadzokera ku1997 uye yega yega yekuvandudza mashandiro eWi-Fi kubvira ipapo yakaitwa munzvimbo nhatu, iyo yakashandiswa seye metric yekuchengeta track yekuvandudza zvakare uye vari.
The modulation ndiyo maitiro ekugadzira analog wave kutumira data, kungofanana nechero tune yekuteerera inokwira nekudzika kusvika yasvika munzeve dzedu (receiver). Iyi chaiyo wave inotsanangurwa ne frequency apo amplitude & chikamu chinogadziriswa kuratidza akasiyana mabhiti eruzivo kune icho chinangwa. Saka, Yakasimba frequency, zviri nani kubatana, asi senzwi, pane zvakawanda zvatingaite kuti tiwedzere vhoriyamu kana paine kukanganiswa kubva kune mamwe manzwi masaini eredhiyo mune yedu, mhando inotambura.
Spatial Streams zvakafanana nekuve nehova dzakawanda dzemvura dzinobuda murwizi rwumwechete. Rukova runogona kunge rwakanyanya kusimba, asi rukova rumwe chete harukwanisi kutakura mvura yakawanda kudaro, saka runopatsanurwa kuita nzizi dzakawanda kuti dzisvike pakuguma kwekusangana panzvimbo inochengeterwa vanhu vose.
Wi-Fi inoita izvi ichishandisa maantenna akawanda uko nzizi dzakawanda dzedhata dziri kudyidzana nechinhu chakanangwa panguva imwe chete, izvi zvinozivikanwa se. MIMO (Multiple Input - Multiple Output)
Kana kusangana uku kukaitika pakati pezvakawanda zvinangwa, inozivikanwa seMulti-Mushandisi (MU-MIMO), asi heino kubata, chinangwa chinoda kunge chiri kure zvakakwana kubva kune mumwe nemumwe.
Chero nguva network inomhanya pane imwe chiteshi, Channel Bonding hachisi chinhu kunze kwekubatanidza zvidiki-diki-zvikamu zveimwe frequency kuwedzera simba pakati pezvinangwa zvemidziyo. Iyo isina waya Spectrum inogumira kune chaiwo ma frequency uye chiteshi. Nehurombo, mazhinji emidziyo inomhanya pane imwechete frequency, saka kunyangwe tikawedzera chiteshi chekubatanidza, panogona kuve nekumwe kupindira kwekunze kunoderedza kunaka kwechiratidzo.
Zvakare Verenga: Nzira yekuwana sei IP kero ye router yangu?
Chii chakasiyana nezveWi-Fi 6 pane yakatangira?
Muchidimbu yakagadziridzwa pane kumhanya, kuvimbika, kugadzikana, nhamba yekubatanidza, uye kugona kwesimba.
Kana tikanyatsoongorora mazviri, tinotanga kuona kuti chii chinoita Wi-Fi 6 saka zvakasiyana-siyana ndizvo kuwedzera kwe4th metric Airtime Efficiency . Nguva yese iyi, takatadza kuzvidavirira kune yakaderera sosi iyo isina waya frequency iri. Nekudaro, michina yaizozadza machanera akawanda kana frequency pane inodiwa uye yakabatana kureba kupfuura zvinodiwa, mumashoko akareruka, nyonganiso isingaite.
Wi-Fi 6 (802.11 ax) protocol inogadzirisa nyaya iyi nayo OFDMA (Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access) uko kufambiswa kwedata kwakagadziridzwa & kusanganiswa kushandisa chete huwandu hunodiwa hwechishandiso chakakumbirwa. Izvi zvinopihwa uye zvinodzorwa neAccess Point kuendesa iyo chinangwa chakakumbirwa data payload uye inoshandisa Downlink uye Uplink MU-MIMO (akawanda-mushandisi, akawanda mapindiro, akawanda anobuda) kuwedzera kushanda kwekufambisa data pakati pemidziyo. Uchishandisa iyo OFDMA, Wi-Fi zvishandiso zvinogona kutumira uye kugamuchira data pakiti pane yemuno network nekumhanya kwakanyanya uye panguva imwechete yakafanana.
Kufambiswa kwakafanana kwedata kunonatsiridza kufambiswa kwedata kunetiweki nenzira yakanyatso shanda pasina kukonzera kudonha kweiyo iripo downlink kumhanya.
Chii chichaitika kumidziyo yangu yekare yeWI-FI?
Uyu ndiwo mwero mutsva weWi-Fi wakaiswa neInternational Wi-Fi Alliance munaGunyana 2019. Wi-Fi 6 inodyidzana kumashure, asi pane dzimwe shanduko.
Yese network yatinosangana nayo inomhanya nekumhanya kwakasiyana, latency, uye bandwidth inoratidzwa neimwe tsamba mushure 802.11, se802.11b, 802.11a, 802.11g, 802.11n uye 802.11ac izvo zvakavhiringa kunyangwe vakanaka veduwe.
Kuvhiringidzika kwese uku kwakapera neWi-Fi 6, uye mubatanidzwa weWi-Fi wakachinja gungano rezita neiyi. Yese yeWi-Fi vhezheni izvi zvisati zvaitika zvichaverengerwa pakati peWi-Fi 1-5 kuitira kurerutsira kutaura.
Mhedziso
Kuve nekunzwisisa kwakanaka kwemabasa e router kunotibatsira kufamba nekugadzirisa nyaya dzakasiyana dzatingangotarisana nadzo nemarouta edu pamwe neWi-Fi routers. Isu takaisa zvakanyanya kukoshesa paWi-Fi 6, sezvo iri itsva iri kubuda isina waya tekinoroji yatinofanira kufambirana nayo. Wi-Fi yave kuda kukanganisa kwete midziyo yedu yekutaurirana chete asiwo zvinhu zvedu zvezuva nezuva semafiriji, michina yekuwachisa, mota, nezvimwe. matafura, kuendesa mberi, maswichi, hubs, nezvimwe zvichiri iro zano rakakosha rekutyaira kuseri kwezviitiko zvinofadza zvave kuda kushandura hupenyu hwedu zvachose.
Aditya Farrad Aditya inyanzvi yekuzvikurudzira yeruzivo rwehunyanzvi uye anga ari munyori wetekinoroji kwemakore manomwe apfuura. Anovhara masevhisi eInternet, nhare, Windows, software, uye Maitiro-mazano.
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