Wi-Fi Standards Inotsanangurwa: 802.11ac, 802.11b/g/n, 802.11a

Vese vashandisi vemazuva ano veinternet vanoziva nezve izwi rekuti Wi-Fi. Iyo inzira yekubatanidza kune internet pasina waya. Wi-Fi chiratidzo chekutengeserana chiri cheWi-Fi Alliance. Iri sangano rine basa rekupa zvitupa zveWi-Fi kana zvikasangana ne802.11 isina waya mwero yakatarwa neIEEE. Mipimo iyi chii? Iwo chaiwo seti yezvakatemwa zvinoramba zvichikura sezvo mafrequency matsva anowanikwa. Neyega yega chiyero chitsva, chinangwa ndechekusimudzira iyo isina waya yekupinda uye renji.

Iwe unogona kusangana nemiyero iyi kana uri kutsvaga kutenga giya nyowani isina waya. Kune boka rezviyero zvakasiyana imwe neimwe ine seti yavo yezvaanogona. Kungoti chiyero chitsva chakaburitswa hazvireve kuti chinobva changowanikwa kumutengi kana kuti unofanirwa kuchinjira kwachiri. Chiyero chekusarudza chinoenderana nezvaunoda.

Vatengi vanowanzowana mazita akajairwa akaoma kunzwisisa. Izvi zvinodaro nekuda kwechirongwa chekupa mazita chakatorwa neIEEE. Munguva pfupi yapfuura (muna 2018), iyo Wi-Fi Alliance yakanangana nekuita kuti mazita akajairwa ashandiswe. Saka, ivo zvino vauya ne-nyore-ku-kunzwisisa akajairwa mazita/nhamba dzeshanduro. Mazita akareruka, zvisinei, ndeezviyero zvazvino. Uye, IEEE ichiri kutaura kune zviyero uchishandisa iyo yekare chirongwa. Nekudaro, ipfungwa yakanaka kujairana neIEEE yekutumidza zita zvakare.

Zviri mukati[ hide ]

• Wi-Fi Standards Inotsanangurwa: 802.11ac, 802.11b/g/n, 802.11a
• Chii chinonzi 802.11?
• 1. 802.11b
• 2. 802.11a
• 3. 802.11g
• 4. 802.11n
• 5. 802.11ac
• Mamwe maitiro eWi-Fi
• 1. 802.11ad
• 2. 802.11ah
• 3. 802.11aj
• 4. 802.11ak
• 5. 802.11ay
• 6. 802.11ax

Wi-Fi Standards Inotsanangurwa: 802.11ac, 802.11b/g/n, 802.11a

Mamwe eazvino Wi-Fi zviyero 802.11n, 802.11ac, uye 802.11ax. Mazita aya anogona kuvhiringa mushandisi nyore. Nokudaro, mazita anopiwa kumitemo iyi neWi-Fi Alliance ndeye - Wi-Fi 4, Wi-Fi 5, uye W-Fi 6. Unogona kuona kuti zviyero zvose zvine '802.11' mazviri.

Chii chinonzi 802.11?

802.11 inogona kutariswa sehwaro hwaro pakagadzirwa zvimwe zvese zvigadzirwa zvisina waya. 802.11 yaive yekutanga WLAN standard. Yakagadzirwa neIEEE muna 1997. Yakanga iine 66-mamita mukati memukati uye 330-mamita kunze kwekunze. 802.11 zvigadzirwa zvisina waya hazvichagadzirike nekuda kweiyo yakaderera bandwidth (yakaoma 2 Mbps). Nekudaro, mamwe akawanda mazinga akavakwa akatenderedza 802.11.

Ngatitarisei kuti zviyero zveWi-Fi zvakashanduka sei kubva pakagadzirwa WLAN yekutanga. Zvinokurukurwa pazasi ndiwo akasiyana-siyana eWi-Fi zviyero zvakauya kubva 802.11, mukutevedzana kwenguva.

1. 802.11b

Kunyangwe 802.11 yaive yekutanga WLAN chiyero, yaive 802.11b yakaita kuti Wi-Fi izivikanwe. Makore maviri mushure me802.11, munaGunyana 1999, 802.11b yakaburitswa. Kunyange ichiri kushandisa nhepfenyuro yakafanana ye802.11 (inenge 2.4 GHz), kumhanya kwakakwira kubva pa2 Mbps kuenda ku11 Mbps. Iyi yakanga ichiri kukurumidza kufungidzira. Mukuita, iyo inotarisirwa bandwidth yaive 5.9 Mbps (ye TCP ) uye 7.1 Mbps (ye UDP ) Haisi yekare chete asiwo ine kukurumidza kudiki pakati pezviyero zvese. 802.11b yaive nehupamhi hwemamita zana nemakumi mashanu.

Sezvo ichishanda pamwero usingadzoreki, zvimwe midziyo yemumba pa2.4 GHz renji (senge oveni nemafoni asina tambo) inogona kukonzera kukanganisa. Dambudziko iri rakadziviswa nekuisa giya kure kure nemidziyo yaigona kukanganisa kukanganisa. 802.11b uye chiyero chayo chinotevera 802.11a zvese zvakabvumidzwa panguva imwe chete, asi yaive 802.11b yakatanga kurova misika.

2. 802.11a

802.11a yakagadzirwa panguva imwe chete ne802.11b. Iwo maviri matekinoroji akange asingaenderane nekuda kwekusiyana kwema frequency. 802.11a inoshanda pa5GHz frequency iyo isinganyanyi kuzara. Nokudaro, mikana yekupindira yakaderedzwa. Nekudaro, nekuda kweiyo frequency yakakwira, 802.11a zvishandiso zvaive nediki renji uye masaini aisapinda mukati mezvipingamupinyi zviri nyore.

802.11a yakashandisa nzira inonzi Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) kugadzira chiratidzo chisina waya. 802.11a yakavimbisawo bandwidth yakakwira - iyo theoretical maximum ye54 Mbps. Sezvo 802.11a michina yaidhura zvakanyanya panguva iyoyo, kushandiswa kwavo kwaingogumira kumabhizimusi ekushandisa. 802.11b yaive chiyero chakapararira pakati pevanhuwo zvavo. Saka, ine mukurumbira wakawanda kupfuura 802.11a.

3. 802.11g

802.11g yakagamuchirwa muna June 2003. Chiyero chakaedza kubatanidza zvikomborero zvakapiwa nemaitiro maviri ekupedzisira - 802.11a & 802.11b. Saka, 802.11g yakapa bandwidth ye802.11a (54 Mbps). Asi yakapa huwandu hukuru nekushanda pamhepo yakafanana ne802.11b (2.4 GHz). Nepo zviyero zviviri zvekupedzisira zvaisaenderana, 802.11g iri kumashure inoenderana ne802.11b. Izvi zvinoreva kuti 802.11b isina waya network adapters inogona kushandiswa ne802.11g nzvimbo dzekuwana.

Uyu ndiwo mwero unodhura zvishoma uchiri kushandiswa. Kunyange ichipa zvitsigiso kune angangoita ese asina waya maturusi ari kushandiswa nhasi, ane dhizaini. Kana paine chero 802.11b zvishandiso zvakabatana, network yese inononoka kuenderana nekumhanya kwayo. Nokudaro, kunze kwekuve chiyero chekare chekushandiswa, ndicho chinononoka zvakare.

Iyi chiyero yaive yakakosha kusvetuka kune zvirinani kumhanya uye kuvhara. Iyi yaive nguva iyo vatengi vaiti kufara routers nekupakirirwa kuri nani kupfuura zviyero zvakapfuura.

4. 802.11n

Yakanzi zvakare Wi-Fi 4 neWi-Fi Alliance, chiyero ichi chakatenderwa muna Gumiguru 2009. Yaive chiyero chekutanga chakashandisa tekinoroji yeMIMO. MIMO inomirira Multiple Input Multiple Output . Mugadziriro iyi, akawanda anotumira uye anogashira anoshanda kungave kune imwe magumo kana kunyange pamigumo yese yekubatanidza. Uku kukura kukuru nekuti hauchafanire kuvimba nepamusoro bandwidth kana kufambisa simba rekuwedzera kwedata.

Ne802.11n, Wi-Fi yakatonyanya kukurumidza uye yakavimbika. Iwe unogona kunge wakanzwa izwi rekuti mbiri-bhendi kubva kuLAN vatengesi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti data inounzwa mumativi maviri. 802.11n inoshanda pa 2 frequencies - 2.45 GHz uye 5 GHz. 802.11n ine theoretical bandwidth ye300 Mbps. Zvinotendwa kuti kumhanya kunogona kusvika kunyange 450 Mbps kana matatu antennae akashandiswa. Nekuda kwezviratidzo zvekunyanya kusimba, 802.11n zvishandiso zvinopa huwandu hukuru kana uchienzaniswa neaya ekare zviyero. 802.11 inopa tsigiro yeakasiyana mawireless network zvishandiso. Nekudaro, inodhura kupfuura 802.11g. Zvakare, kana ikashandiswa padhuze ne 802.11b/g network, panogona kuve nekukanganisa nekuda kwekushandiswa kwemasaini akawanda.

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5. 802.11ac

Yakaburitswa muna 2014, iyi ndiyo chiyero chakajairika mukushandiswa nhasi. 802.11ac yakapihwa zita rekuti Wi-Fi 5 neWi-Fi Alliance. Iwo ma routers epamba asina waya nhasi anowirirana neWi-Fi 5 uye anoshanda pa5GHz frequency. Inoshandisa MIMO, zvinoreva kuti kune akawanda antennas pakutumira uye kugamuchira zvishandiso. Pane kukanganisa kwakaderedzwa uye kumhanya kukuru. Iyo yakakosha pano ndeyekuti, yakawanda-mushandisi MIMO inoshandiswa. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive zvakanyanya kushanda. MuMIMO, hova dzakawanda dzinonangidzirwa kune mutengi mumwe chete. MuMU-MIMO, nzizi dzepasi dzinogona kutungamirwa kune vakawanda vatengi panguva imwe chete. Izvi zvinogona kusawedzera kumhanya kwemutengi mumwechete. Asi iyo yese data throughput ye network inowedzera zvakanyanya.

Iyo chiyero inotsigira akawanda ekubatanidza pane ese ma frequency mabhendi kwaanoshanda - 2.5 GHz uye 5 GHz. 802.11g inotsigira hova ina ukuwo chiyero ichi chichitsigira kusvika kunzizi 8 dzakasiyana kana ichishanda mu5 GHz frequency bhendi.

802.11ac inoshandisa tekinoroji inonzi beamforming. Pano, ma antennae anofambisa masaini eredhiyo zvekuti anonangwa pane chimwe chinhu. Iyi chiyero inotsigira data reti kusvika ku3.4 Gbps. Ino inguva yekutanga iyo data data yakakwira kune gigabytes. Iyo bandwidth inopihwa inotenderedza 1300 Mbps mu5 GHz bhendi uye 450 Mbps mu2.4 GHz bhendi.

Chiyero chinopa yakanakisa chiratidzo renji uye kumhanya. Kuita kwayo kunoenderana neyakajairwa wired connections. Zvisinei, kuvandudzwa kwekushanda kunogona kuonekwa chete mu-high-bandwidth application. Zvakare, ndiyo chiyero chinodhura zvakanyanya kuita.

Mamwe maitiro eWi-Fi

1. 802.11ad

Chiyero chakatangwa muna Zvita 2012. Chiyero chinomhanya zvakanyanya. Inoshanda nekumhanya kusingadaviriki kwe6.7 Gbps. Inoshanda pa60 GHz frequency band. Izvo chete zvisingabatsiri ndezvishoma zvayo. Iyo yekumhanyisa yakataurwa inogona kuwanikwa chete kana mudziyo uri mukati meiyo 11 tsoka radius kubva panzvimbo yekupinda.

2. 802.11ah

802.11ah inozivikanwa zvakare seWi-Fi HaLow. Yakagamuchirwa munaSeptember 2016 uye yakabudiswa muna May 2017. Chinangwa ndechekupa chiyero chisina wireless chinoratidza kushandiswa kwesimba shoma. Iyo inoitirwa maWi-Fi network anoenda mhiri kwekusvika kweakajairwa 2.4 GHz uye 5 GHz mabhendi (kunyanya aya network anoshanda pazasi pe1 GH bhendi). Mune iyi chiyero, kumhanya kwedata kunogona kukwira kusvika 347 Mbps. Iyo chiyero inoitirwa yakaderera-simba zvishandiso seIoT zvishandiso. Ne 802.11ah, kutaurirana kumativi akareba pasina kushandisa simba rakawanda kunogoneka. Zvinotendwa kuti chiyero chichakwikwidza neBluetooth tekinoroji.

3. 802.11aj

Iyo ishanduro yakagadziridzwa zvishoma yeiyo 802.11ad standard. Inoitirwa kushandiswa mumatunhu anoshanda mu59-64 GHz bhendi (kunyanya China). Saka, chiyero chinewo rimwe zita - iyo China Millimeter Wave. Inoshanda muChina 45 GHz bhendi asi iri kumashure inoenderana ne802.11ad.

4. 802.11ak

802.11ak ine chinangwa chekupa rubatsiro nekubatana kwemukati mukati me802.1q network, kune zvishandiso zvine 802.11 kugona. MunaNovember 2018, chiyero chaive nechimiro chekunyorwa. Inoitirwa varaidzo yepamba uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvine 802.11 kugona uye 802.3 ethernet basa.

5. 802.11ay

Iyo 802.11ad chiyero ine kubuda kwe7 Gbps. 802.11ay, inozivikanwawo sechizvarwa chinotevera 60GHz, ine chinangwa chekuwana kubuda kunosvika makumi maviri Gbps mu60GHz frequency band. Zvimwe zvinangwa ndezvi - kuwedzera huwandu uye kuvimbika.

6. 802.11ax

Inonyanya kuzivikanwa seWi-Fi 6, iyi ichava mutsivi weWi-Fi 5. Iine zvakawanda zvinobatsira pamusoro peWi-Fi 5, zvakadai sekugadzikana kuri nani munzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda, kukurumidza kukurumidza kunyange kana michina yakawanda yakabatana, zviri nani kupenya, nezvimwewo. … IWLAN inoshanda zvakanyanya. Inotarisirwa kupa kuita kwakanakisa munzvimbo dzakasimba senge airport. Iyo inofungidzirwa kukurumidza inosvika kanenge ka4 kupfuura yezvino kumhanya muWi-Fi 5. Inoshanda mune imwechete spectrum - 2.4 GHz uye 5 GHz. Sezvo ichivimbisawo kuchengetedzeka kuri nani uye kushandisa simba shoma, ese emangwana mawaya maturusi anozogadzirwa zvekuti anoenderana neWi-Fi 6.

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Summary

• Wi-Fi miyero seti yezvakatemwa zvekubatanidza isina waya.
• Aya mazinga anounzwa neIEEE uye anosimbiswa uye anobvumidzwa neWi-Fi Alliance.
• Vazhinji vashandisi havazive zviyero izvi nekuda kwekuvhiringidza mazita chirongwa chakatorwa neIEEE.
• Kuita kuti zvive nyore kune vashandisi, iyo Wi-Fi Alliance yakabhabhatidza zvakare mamwe anowanzo shandiswa Wi-Fi mwero nemazita anoshandiswa nevashandisi.
• Neyega yega chiyero chitsva, kune mamwe maficha, zvirinani kumhanya, kureba, nezvimwe.
• Iyo inonyanya kushandiswa Wi-Fi chiyero nhasi iWi-Fi 5.

Elon munyori wehunyanzvi paCyber ​​​​S. Anga achinyora maitirwo-magwara kweanenge makore matanhatu zvino uye akafukidza akawanda misoro. Anoda kuvhara misoro ine chekuita neWindows, Android, uye azvino matipi uye matipi.