Iyo inoshanda sisitimu, zvimwe zvirongwa zvekushandisa uye akasiyana emidziyo yehardware zvese zvakavakwa nemapoka akasiyana evanhu. Naizvozvo, nekusarudzika, iyo OS uye zvimwe zvirongwa hazvigone kuwirirana nemidziyo yehardware. Apa ndipo panouya mutyairi wemudziyo. Icho chidimbu chesoftware chinoshanda semuturikiri pakati pemashandisirwo emashandisirwo nemidziyo yehardware. Basa remutyairi wemudziyo ndere kubvumira kushanda zvakanaka kwemidziyo yehardware yakanamirwa kuhurongwa. Mutyairi weprinta anoudza OS maitiro ekudhinda ruzivo rwakasarudzwa pane peji. Kuti OS ishandure mabits muodhiyo faira kuita yakakodzera kuburitsa, inonzwika kadhi mutyairi anodiwa. Saizvozvi, madhiraivha emudziyo aripo kune yega yega hardware mudziyo wakabatana kune yako system.
Zviri mukati[ hide ]
- Chii chinonzi Device Driver?
- Madhiraivha emidziyo anoshanda sei?
- Virtual mudziyo vatyairi
- Mutyairi wedhiraivha anoshandiswa kupi?
- Midziyo yese inoda vatyairi here?
- Chii chichaitika kana usina kuisa mutyairi?
- Mhando dzemadhiraivha emidziyo
- Mamwe marudzi eDevice Driver
- Kugadzirisa madhiraivha emidziyo
Chii chinonzi Device Driver?
Iyo OS haifanire kuziva ruzivo rwekuseri kwekushanda kwehardware. Uchishandisa mutyairi wemudziyo, inongopindirana chete neicho chidimbu chehardware. Kana mutyairi wemudziyo anoenderana asina kuiswa, hapana chinongedzo chekutaurirana pakati peOS nehardware. Chigadzirwa chakadaro chehardware chinogona kusashanda nemazvo. Mutyairi wemudziyo uye chigadziriso chehardware chinowirirana chinotaurirana kuburikidza nebhazi rekombuta uko mudziyo wakabatanidzwa. Madhiraivha emudziyo anosiyana kune yega yega sisitimu yekushandisa uye ivo vanotsamira pahardware. Mutyairi wemudziyo anozivikanwawo semutyairi wesoftware kana kungoita mutyairi.
Madhiraivha emidziyo anoshanda sei?
Chishandiso chehardware chinoda kutaurirana nechirongwa pane yako system. Unogona kufunga nezvemamiriro ezvinhu aya semasangano maviri anotaura mitauro yakasiyana. Saka panodiwa muturikiri. Mutyairi wemudziyo anoita basa remuturikiri pano. Iyo software inopa mutyairi ruzivo runotsanangura izvo hardware inofanirwa kuita. Mutyairi wemudziyo anoshandisa ruzivo kuti mutyairi aite basa.
Mutyairi wemudziyo anoshandura mirairo yepurogiramu yepurogiramu/iyo OS kumutauro unonzwisiswa nemudziyo wehardware. Kuti sisitimu ishande nemazvo, unofanirwa kunge uine ese anodiwa madhiraivha emidziyo. Paunobatidza system yako, OS inotaurirana nevatyairi vemidziyo uye BIOS kusarudza kuita mabasa akasiyana-siyana ehardware.
Dai zvisiri zvemutyairi wemidziyo, kungave pasina nzira yekuti sisitimu itaurirane nemidziyo kana mapurogiramu esoftware yaizofanira kuziva nzira yekubatanidza zvakananga nehardware (zvichipihwa huwandu hwakawanda hwezvirongwa uye hardware mudziyo watiinawo nhasi, izvi. zvingava zvakaoma). Izvo hazvigoneke kuvaka software ine kugona kutaurirana zvakananga nemhando dzese dzemidziyo yehardware. Saka, vatyairi vemidziyo ndivo vanochinja mutambo.
Ose ari maviri - Hardware zvishandiso uye mapurogiramu esoftware zvinoenderana nemadhiraivha emudziyo kuti ashande zvakanaka. Zvirongwa zvinowanzo shandisa mirairo yakajairika kuwana zvishandiso. Mutyairi wemudziyo anoturikira izvi kuita mirairo chaiyo inogona kunzwisiswa nemudziyo.
Madhiraivha emudziyo anowanzo kuuya seakavakirwa-mukati zvinhu muOS. Izvo zvinopihwa nemugadziri. Kana hardware kana software chikamu chikatsiviwa kana kuvandudzwa, aya madhiraivha emidziyo anoitwa asina basa.
Virtual mudziyo vatyairi
Mutyairi wedhizaini chinhu chemutyairi wemidziyo inobatsira mudziyo wehardware kumisikidza kutaurirana neOS kana chirongwa. Iwo madhiraivha ezvishandiso chaiwo. Virtual mudziyo madhiraivha anobatsira mukutsetseka kwedata kuyerera. Zvishandiso zvakawanda zvinogona kuwana imwe hardware mudziyo pasina kupokana. Kana mutyairi wemudziyo akagamuchira chiratidzo chekuvhiringidza kubva kumudziyo wehardware, inosarudza nzira inotevera-ye-chiito zvichienderana nemamiriro emudziyo.
Mutyairi wedhiraivha anoshandiswa kupi?
Kana isu tikashandisa software kutevedzera mudziyo wehardware, mutyairi wedhiraivha anoshandiswa kushandura mudziyo wakadaro. Muenzaniso wakakodzera ungave uchishandisa a VPN . Iwe unogadzira chaiyo network kadhi kuitira kuti iwe ugone kubatana zvakachengeteka kune internet. Iri ivirtual network kadhi rakagadzirwa neVPN. Mutyairi akakodzera anodiwa kune iri kadhi iro rinowanzo kuisirwa neVPN software pachayo.
Midziyo yese inoda vatyairi here?
Kuti mudziyo unoda here kana kuti haudi mutyairi zvinoenderana nekuti system yako yekushandisa inoziva mudziyo wehardware uye maficha ayo. Mimwe midziyo isingazivikanwe kune inoshanda sisitimu uye inoda mutyairi ndeiyi - Kadhi reVhidhiyo, USB mudziyo, kadhi renzwi, scanner, printer, controller modem, network card, card reader etc… kushanda padanho rekutanga. Zvakare, mamiriro acho ndeokuti OS inofanirwa kuziva maficha emudziyo. Mimwe michina inogona kushanda nemadhiraivha emazuva ese ndeiyi – RAM, keyboard, mbeva, masipika, monitor, hard drive, disk drive, CPU, magetsi, joystick etc… kazhinji semadhiraivha anopihwa nemugadziri wehardware.
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Chii chichaitika kana usina kuisa mutyairi?
Kana usina kuisa mutyairi wemudziyo, mudziyo unogona kusashanda zvachose kana kuti unogona kushanda zvishoma. Semuenzaniso, zvishandiso zvakaita sembeva/kibhodhi zvichashanda pasina mutyairi. Asi kana mbeva yako iine mamwe mabhatani kana kiibhodhi yako iine mamwe makiyi akakosha, saka iwo maficha haashande. Kana iwe uri mushandisi weWindows, unogona kuwana mutyairi kupokana kukanganisa mune maneja wemudziyo, kana uine mutyairi asipo. Kazhinji, mugadziri anoburitsa mutyairi update kudzima zvikanganiso zvinogadzirwa nemutyairi. Naizvozvo, gara uine yazvino vhezheni yemutyairi yemidziyo yako yehardware.
Mutyairi anozoshanda chete kana uine mudziyo unoenderana wakaiswa pane yako system. Kana iwe ukaedza kuisa mutyairi wehardware iyo isipo, hazvizoitika. Semuenzaniso, kuisa mutyairi wemakadhi evhidhiyo kana iwe usina kadhi revhidhiyo pane yako system hazvipi system yako kugona kushanda nevhidhiyo kadhi. Iwe unofanirwa kuve uine zvese - iyo hardware mudziyo uye yakagadziridzwa mudziyo mutyairi wayo.
Mhando dzemadhiraivha emidziyo
Kune mutyairi wemudziyo weanenge ese mudziyo wehardware uri kushandiswa nhasi. Aya madhiraivha anogona kuverengerwa muzvikamu zviviri zvinotevera - mushandisi mudziyo madhiraivha uye kernel mudziyo mutyairi
Madhiraivha ekushandisa
Aya madhiraivha emudziyo anokonzereswa nemushandisi paanenge achishandisa sisitimu. Izvi ndezvemidziyo iyo mushandisi yakabatana nayo kune system, kunze kweiyo ine chekuita neiyo kernel software . Iwo madhiraivha ezvishandiso zveplug uye zvekutamba anotorwa semadhiraivha emushandisi. Kuti usimudze kudzvanywa kubva kune sisitimu zviwanikwa, mushandisi mudziyo madhiraivha anonyorerwa dhisiki. Asi madhiraivha emidziyo yemidziyo yemitambo anowanzo chengetwa mundangariro huru.
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Kernel mudziyo vatyairi
Madhiraivha eGeneric anowanikwa seakavakirwa-mukati software pamwe neOS anonzi kernel mudziyo madhiraivha. Vanoisa mundangariro sechikamu cheOS. Inongedza kumutyairi inochengetwa mundangariro uye inogona kukumbirwa pese painodiwa. Kernel mudziyo madhiraivha ndeyezvishandiso zvakaita se processor, iyo mamaboard, BIOS, uye zvimwe zvishandiso zvine chekuita nekernel software.
Nemadhiraivha ekernel mudziyo, pane nyaya yakajairika. Pakukumbira, mutyairi wekernel mudziyo unoiswa mu RAM. Izvi hazvigone kutamisirwa kundangariro chaiyo. Kana paine madhiraivha akati wandei anomhanya panguva imwe chete, iyo system inononoka. Kuti ukunde nyaya iyi, yega yega OS ine diki system inodiwa. Iwo masisitimu anoshanda anoisa pamwechete zviwanikwa izvo kernel mudziyo madhiraivha anodiwa. Izvi zvinovimbisa kuti vashandisi havafanirwe kunetseka nezve ndangariro chinodikanwa.
Mamwe marudzi eDevice Driver
1. Generic uye OEN vatyairi
Kana mutyairi wemudziyo aripo pamwe chete nehurongwa hwekushanda, inonzi generic device driver. Mutyairi wechigadzirwa chegeneric anoshandira chimwe chishandiso zvisinei nerudzi rwacho. Windows 10 ine generic mudziyo madhiraivha ezvinowanzo shandiswa hardware zvishandiso.
Dzimwe nguva, zvishandiso zvehardware zvine zvimwe zvinhu izvo OS isingakwanise kuziva. Mugadziri wemudziyo anopa mutyairi anoenderana nemidziyo yakadaro. Aya anonzi madhiraivha eOEM. Kuti michina yakadaro ishande nemazvo, madhiraivha anofanirwa kuiswa zvakasiyana mushure mekuisa OS. Nenguva iyo Windows XP yaishandiswa, kunyangwe madhiraivha ebhodhi reamai aifanira kuiswa zvakasiyana. Nhasi, mazhinji emazuva ano masisitimu anopa akavakirwa-mukati generic mudziyo madhiraivha.
2. Block uye hunhu vatyairi
Madhiraivha emudziyo anogona kuverengerwa semadhiraivha edhiraivha kana madhiraivha emhando zvichienderana nekuti data inoverengwa nekunyorwa sei. Midziyo yakadai sema hard disks, CD ROMs uye madhiraivha e USB anoiswa mumapoka zvichienderana nemashandisirwo aanoitwa.
Izwi rokuti mutyairi weblock rinoshandiswa panoverengwa kana kunyorwa mavara akawanda panguva. A block inogadzirwa, uye iyo block mudziyo inoedza kudzoreredza huwandu hweruzivo hunoenderana nehukuru hwe block. Hard disks uye CD ROMS vanoonekwa kuvharira mudziyo vatyairi.
Izwi rekuti mutyairi wehunhu rinoshandiswa kana data ichinyorwa chimiro chimwe panguva. Vatyairi vemidziyo yehunhu vanoshandisa maserial mabhazi. Chero mudziyo wakabatana kune serial port une mutyairi wehunhu. Semuenzaniso, mbeva chishandiso chakabatana kune serial port. Inoshandisa mutyairi wedhivha.
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Kugadzirisa madhiraivha emidziyo
Madhiraivha ese ari paWindows system yako anotungamirwa neMutariri weDhidhiyo. Madhiraivha emudziyo haadi kutariswa zvakanyanya mushure mekuiswa. Dzimwe nguva, vane zvigadziriso zvekugadzirisa bug kana update inopa chinhu chitsva. Naizvozvo, itsika yakanaka yekutarisa zvigadziriso zvevatyairi uye nekuzvimisa (kana zviripo) kamwe munguva. Kuita kuti basa rako rive nyore, pane zvimwe zvirongwa zvinotarisa uye kugadzirisa madhiraivha emudziyo wako.
Zvigadziriso zvemutyairi zvinopihwa nemugadziri zvinogara zviripo mahara pawebhusaiti yavo yepamutemo. Chenjerera kuti usabhadhare chigadziriso chemutyairi wemudziyo!
Kugadziridza madhiraivha ako kwakakosha nekuti, kazhinji nguva, nyaya zhinji dzine mudziyo wehardware dzinogona kudzoserwa kumashure kune nyaya nemutyairi wemudziyo.
Summary
- Mutyairi wemudziyo anobatsira iyo OS uye zvimwe zvirongwa zvinotarisana nemidziyo yehardware yakabatana nehurongwa
- Zvishandiso zvemazuva ano zvinopa madhiraivha emudziyo akavakirwa-mukati kune anowanzo shandiswa peripherals
- Kuti ushandise zvimwe zvigadziriso zvehardware, unofanirwa kuisa madhiraivha anoenderana akapihwa nemugadziri
- Kuchengeta madhiraivha emudziyo wako anoenderana kwakakosha pakushanda kwehurongwa.
- Mutyairi wemudziyo wekunze anongodiwa kune izvo zvishandiso izvo zvimiro zvisingazivikanwe neako yekushandisa system.
Aditya Farrad Aditya inyanzvi yekuzvikurudzira yeruzivo rwehunyanzvi uye anga ari munyori wetekinoroji kwemakore manomwe apfuura. Anovhara masevhisi eInternet, nharembozha, Windows, software, uye Maitiro-mazano.